The Himalayas
CONTENT:
The mountains extending between the Indus river and the Brahmaputea river are called the Himalayas (abode/house of snow).
The Himalayas are the youngest mountains in the world and are structurally the folded mountains. THe Himalayas run along the northern border of India. The Himalayas form an Arc which is about 2,400 Km long. THe width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitidinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western part.
The Himalayan Range
The Himalayas consist of main three parallel ranges.
The Great or Inner Himalayas (Himadri) :-
This is the northernmost range and is also known as 'Himadri'. This is the most continuous range.
It contains the loftiest peaks. The average height of peaks in this range is 6,000 meters.
All the prominent Himalayan peaks are in this range. The folds of the Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature and the core of this part is composed of Granite, because of the lofty heights,the peaks of this range are perennially snow-bound.
The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal :-
This lies towards the south of the Great Himalayas. The altitude of peaks in this range varies from 3,700 m to 4,500 m.
Average width of this range is 50 Km. This range is mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
The Shiwaliks :-
This is the outermost range of the Himalayas.
The altitude varies between 900 and 1100 Km in this range and the width varies between 10 to 50 Km. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments.
The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called 'Dun'.
Himalayan Region from East to West
- Punjab Himalayas: This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej, from west to east this is also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya; respectively.
- Kumaon Himalaya: This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers.
- Nepal Himalayas: This part lies between Kali rivers and Tista river.
- Assam Himalayas: This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers.
- The Purvanchal: The eastern extension of the Himalayan mountains along the border of Mayanmar is known as the Purvanchal or the Eastern Hills and MOuntains. These hills are composed of the Patkai hills, Naga hills, Manipuri hills and Mizo hills.
Passes of The Himalayas
Himalayan ranges are forbidding and can be crossed by a few passes which are generally higher than 4,600 meters above sea level.
The Burzil & the Zoji La - Jammu & Kashmir
The Bara-lacha-la & the Shipki la - Himachal Pradesh
The Nathula & Jelep la - Sikkim
Highest Peaks of The Himalayas
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